Herbs for Autism, ADHD, Bipolar… and for General Wellbeing ;)

Herbal treatments for autism, ADHD, and bipolar disorder have gained increasing attention in recent years as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) options.

While the evidence for their efficacy varies, several herbs and natural products have shown promising results in both preclinical and clinical studies. Below, we provide a comprehensive overview of the best herbal treatments for each condition, supported by relevant research.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Ginkgo Biloba

• Composition: Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761)
• Mechanism: Ginkgo biloba is known for its neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing properties. It may improve blood flow to the brain and reduce oxidative stress.
• Efficacy: A study by Hasanzadeh et al. (2012) found that Ginkgo biloba, when combined with risperidone, showed a slight improvement in irritability, hyperactivity, and inappropriate speech in children with ASD. However, the results were not statistically significant.
• Safety: Generally well-tolerated, but may cause GI upset and interact with blood-thinning medications.

Bacopa Monnieri

• Composition: Standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri
• Mechanism: Bacopa monnieri is an adaptogen that enhances cognitive function and reduces anxiety. It has been shown to improve memory and cognitive skills.
• Efficacy: A study by Dave et al. (2014) found that Bacopa monnieri significantly reduced ADHD symptoms in children, including restlessness and self-control. While not specifically for ASD, its cognitive benefits may be beneficial.
• Safety: Generally safe, but may cause GI upset and drowsiness.

Cannabidiol (CBD)

• Composition: Cannabidiol
• Mechanism: CBD has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anxiolytic properties. It may help reduce anxiety and improve social interaction.
• Efficacy: A study by Meiri et al. (2019) found that CBD altered the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the brain, which may be beneficial for individuals with ASD / ASC.
• Safety: Generally well-tolerated, but may cause drowsiness and dry mouth.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Ginkgo Biloba

• Composition: Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761)
• Mechanism: Ginkgo biloba is known for its cognitive-enhancing properties and may improve attention and hyperactivity.
• Efficacy: A study by Sandersleben et al. (2014) found that Ginkgo biloba improved ADHD symptoms, including hyperactivity and impulsivity.
• Safety: Generally well-tolerated, but may cause GI upset and interact with blood-thinning medications.

Saffron (Crocus sativus)

• Composition: Saffron extract
• Mechanism: Saffron has been shown to have antidepressant and anxiolytic properties, which may help reduce ADHD symptoms.
• Efficacy: A study by Baziar et al. (2019) found that saffron was as effective as methylphenidate (Ritalin) in reducing ADHD symptoms in children.
• Safety: Generally safe, but may cause GI upset and dizziness.

Bacopa Monnieri

• Composition: Standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri
• Mechanism: Bacopa monnieri is an adaptogen that enhances cognitive function and reduces anxiety.
• Efficacy: A study by Dave et al. (2014) found that Bacopa monnieri significantly reduced ADHD symptoms in children, including restlessness and self-control
• Safety: Generally safe, but may cause GI upset and drowsiness.

Bipolar Disorder

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

• Composition: Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA)
• Mechanism: Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. They may help stabilize mood and reduce symptoms of depression.
• Efficacy: A review by Montgomery and Richardson (2008) found that omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of relapse in bipolar disorder.
• Safety: Generally safe, but may cause GI upset and interact with blood-thinning medications.

St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum)

• Composition: St. John’s Wort extract
• Mechanism: St. John’s Wort is a natural antidepressant that increases serotonin levels in the brain.
• Efficacy: A study by Szegedi et al. (2005) found that St. John’s Wort was as effective as paroxetine (Paxil) in treating moderate to severe depression.
• Safety: Generally safe, but may cause mania in individuals with bipolar disorder and interact with other medications.

S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe)

• Composition: S-adenosyl-methionine
• Mechanism: SAMe is a building block of serotonin and may help improve mood and cognitive function.
• Efficacy: A study by Zanarini and Frankenburg (2003) found that SAMe may be effective in treating depression in individuals with borderline personality disorder, which often co-occurs with bipolar disorder
• Safety: Generally safe, but may cause GI upset and interact with other medications.

Summary Table

Condition	Herbal Treatment	Composition	Mechanism	Efficacy	Safety
ASD	Ginkgo Biloba	EGb 761	Neuroprotective, cognitive enhancement	Slight improvement in irritability, hyperactivity, and inappropriate speech	Generally well-tolerated, may cause GI upset
ASD	Bacopa Monnieri	Standardized extract	Cognitive enhancement, anxiety reduction	Reduced ADHD symptoms, may be beneficial for ASD	Generally safe, may cause GI upset and drowsiness
ASD	Cannabidiol (CBD)	Cannabidiol	Anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anxiolytic	Altered brain activity, may improve social interaction	Generally well-tolerated, may cause drowsiness and dry mouth
ADHD	Ginkgo Biloba	EGb 761	Cognitive enhancement	Improved ADHD symptoms, including hyperactivity and impulsivity	Generally well-tolerated, may cause GI upset
ADHD	Saffron	Saffron extract	Antidepressant, anxiolytic	As effective as methylphenidate in reducing ADHD symptoms	Generally safe, may cause GI upset and dizziness
ADHD	Bacopa Monnieri	Standardized extract	Cognitive enhancement, anxiety reduction	Reduced ADHD symptoms, including restlessness and self-control	Generally safe, may cause GI upset and drowsiness
Bipolar Disorder	Omega-3 Fatty Acids	EPA and DHA	Anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective	Reduced risk of relapse in bipolar disorder	Generally safe, may cause GI upset
Bipolar Disorder	St. John’s Wort	Hypericum perforatum	Natural antidepressant	As effective as paroxetine in treating depression	Generally safe, may cause mania and interact with other medications
Bipolar Disorder	S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe)	S-adenosyl-methionine	Building block of serotonin	Effective in treating depression in individuals with borderline personality disorder	Generally safe, may cause GI upset and interact with other medications

Best Herbs for Physical and Mental Well-Being

While herbal treatments for autism, ADHD, and bipolar disorder show promise, the evidence is often limited and mixed. It is crucial to consult healthcare professionals before starting any herbal treatment to ensure safety and effectiveness. Combining herbal treatments with conventional therapies and a holistic approach, including diet and behavioral interventions, may provide the best outcomes for individuals with these conditions.

Herbs have been used for centuries to support both physical and mental well-being. They offer a natural and holistic approach to enhancing health, reducing stress, and improving cognitive function. Below is a comprehensive overview of some of the best herbs for physical and mental well-being, along with their benefits and methods of use.

1. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

• Benefits: Ashwagandha is a powerful adaptogen that helps the body cope with stress and anxiety. It reduces cortisol levels, the primary stress hormone, and promotes a sense of calmness and relaxation. Studies have shown that it can improve cognitive function, including memory and attention, and enhance overall mental well-being
• Usage: Ashwagandha can be taken as capsules, powders, or teas. It is often used in Ayurvedic medicine and is available in various forms, including root extracts and tinctures.

2. Ginkgo Biloba (Ginkgo biloba)

• Benefits: Ginkgo biloba is renowned for its cognitive-enhancing properties. It improves blood flow to the brain, which supports memory and mental clarity. Research suggests that ginkgo can increase neurogenesis, the growth and development of nervous tissue, which is linked to memory improvement and the reduction of anxiety and depression
• Usage: Ginkgo biloba is available as capsules, tablets, and teas. It is also used in traditional Chinese medicine and can be found in many health food stores.

3. St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum)

• Benefits: St. John’s wort is a well-known natural remedy for depression and anxiety. It has been shown to be as effective as some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in treating mild to moderate depression. It also supports healthy sleep, which can further alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression
• Usage: St. John’s wort is commonly taken as capsules, tablets, or teas. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before use, as it can interact with certain medications.

4. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)

• Benefits: Valerian is a natural sedative and sleep aid. It promotes peaceful relaxation and normal sleep patterns, which can help reduce stress and anxiety. It is often used as a muscle relaxant, leading to a more relaxed and healthy mental state
• Usage: Valerian can be consumed as a tea, taken in supplement form, or used in aromatherapy. It is widely available in health food stores and pharmacies.

5. German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita)

• Benefits: German chamomile is a popular herb for reducing stress and anxiety. It contains flavonoids that can change the activity of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which play a role in mood regulation. Chamomile tea is a common evening nightcap for a restful night’s sleep
• Usage: Chamomile can be consumed as a tea, used in aromatherapy, or taken as a supplement. It is widely available and easy to incorporate into daily routines.

6. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)

• Benefits: Lavender is known for its calming and relaxing properties. It can reduce stress and anxiety and improve sleep quality. Lavender essential oil is often used in aromatherapy to promote relaxation and mental clarity
• Usage: Lavender can be used in aromatherapy, added to baths, or consumed as a tea. It is also available in essential oil form and can be applied topically or diffused.

7. Bacopa Monnieri (Bacopa monnieri)

• Benefits: Bacopa monnieri is a cognitive enhancer that improves memory and cognitive function. It has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries to support mental clarity and reduce anxiety. Studies have shown that it can improve cognitive performance and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression
• Usage: Bacopa monnieri is available as capsules, tablets, and teas. It is often used in combination with other herbs to enhance its effects.

8. Rhodiola Rosea (Rhodiola rosea)

• Benefits: Rhodiola rosea is an adaptogen that helps the body adapt to stress. It enhances mental performance, reduces fatigue, and improves resilience to physical and mental stressors. Regular consumption of rhodiola can enhance mood, boost energy levels, and improve overall well-being
• Usage: Rhodiola can be taken as capsules, tinctures, or teas. It is often used in the morning to manage daily stress and maintain high energy levels.

9. Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)

• Benefits: Gotu kola is a brain tonic that improves cognitive function and mental clarity. It supports circulation, reduces anxiety, and enhances memory. It is often used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine to support mental health
• Usage: Gotu kola can be consumed as a tea, taken in supplement form, or added to smoothies. It is available in various forms and can be easily incorporated into daily routines.

10. Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)

• Benefits: Lemon balm is a calming herb that reduces anxiety and promotes relaxation. It enhances cognitive function by increasing GABA levels in the brain, which helps reduce stress and improve mood. Regular use of lemon balm can support mental clarity and emotional well-being
• Usage: Lemon balm can be consumed as a tea, taken in supplement form, or used in aromatherapy. It is a versatile herb that can be easily incorporated into daily routines.

Summary Table

Herb	Benefits	Usage
Ashwagandha	Reduces stress and anxiety, improves cognitive function	Capsules, powders, teas, root extracts, tinctures
Ginkgo Biloba	Enhances cognitive function, improves memory and mental clarity	Capsules, tablets, teas, traditional Chinese medicine
St. John’s Wort	Treats depression and anxiety, supports healthy sleep	Capsules, tablets, teas
Valerian	Promotes relaxation and sleep, reduces stress and anxiety	Tea, supplements, aromatherapy
German Chamomile	Reduces stress and anxiety, improves sleep quality	Tea, aromatherapy, supplements
Lavender	Calms and relaxes, reduces stress and anxiety, improves sleep quality	Aromatherapy, baths, tea, essential oil
Bacopa Monnieri	Improves memory and cognitive function, reduces anxiety and depression	Capsules, tablets, teas
Rhodiola Rosea	Enhances mental performance, reduces fatigue, improves resilience to stress	Capsules, tinctures, teas
Gotu Kola	Improves cognitive function, reduces anxiety, enhances memory	Tea, supplements, smoothies
Lemon Balm	Reduces anxiety, promotes relaxation, enhances cognitive function	Tea, supplements, aromatherapy

Important Considerations

• Consult a Healthcare Professional: Always consult a healthcare professional before incorporating new herbs into your routine, especially if you are taking medications or have pre-existing health conditions.
• Quality and Safety: Ensure the herbs you choose are of high quality and from reputable sources. The FDA does not regulate herbs and supplements as strictly as prescription medications.
• Dosage and Duration: Follow recommended dosages and do not use herbs for extended periods without professional guidance.

By incorporating these herbs into your daily routine, you can support both your physical and mental well-being in a natural and holistic way.